MEDICAL PROCEDURES: EXAMPLE

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 Endoscopy: An Overview


Endoscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the

interior of a patient's body using a specialized instrument called an endoscope. The

endoscope is a flexible tube equipped with a light and camera, enabling visualization of

internal organs and tissues.


Indications for Endoscopy

Endoscopy can be used for a variety of reasons, including:

 Diagnosis: To identify conditions such as ulcers, tumors, or infections in the digestive

tract.

 Treatment: Certain procedures, such as removing polyps or performing biopsies, can

be conducted during an endoscopy.

 Surveillance: Monitoring known conditions, like Barrett's oesophagus, to detect

changes over time.


Types of Endoscopy

There are several types of endoscopic procedures, including:

 Upper Endoscopy (EGD): Examines the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

 Colonoscopy: Inspects the colon and rectum, often used for colorectal cancer

screening.

 Bronchoscopy: Views the airways and lungs, typically for respiratory issues.


The Procedure

1. Preparation: Patients may be asked to fast for several hours and might need to take

laxatives before certain types of endoscopy.

2. Sedation: To ensure comfort, mild sedation is often administered.

3. Insertion: The endoscope is gently inserted through the mouth, nose, or a small

incision, depending on the type of procedure.

4. Examination: The physician examines the images transmitted by the camera, taking

notes or performing necessary interventions.

5. Recovery: After the procedure, patients are monitored until the sedation wears off,

and they are typically advised to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery for the

remainder of the day.


Risks and Considerations

While endoscopy is generally safe, potential risks include:

 Bleeding

 Infection

 Perforation of the organ being examined


Conclusion

Endoscopy is a valuable tool in modern medicine, providing critical insights into a patient's

health with minimal discomfort. It allows for both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions,

making it an essential procedure in various medical specialties.

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